Hallucinogen-related disorders
Hallucinogen-Related Disorders
This diverse group of substances includes ergot and related compounds (lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], morning glory seeds), phenylalkylamines (mescaline, "STP" [2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine], and MDMA [3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine; also called "Ecstasy"]), indole alkaloids (psilocybin, DMT [dimethyltryptamine]), and miscellaneous other compounds. Excluded from this group are phencyclidine (PCP) (p. 278) and cannabis and its active compound, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (p. 234). Although these substances can have hallucinogenic effects, they are discussed separately because of significant differences in their other psychological and behavioral effects. Hallucinogens are usually taken orally, although DMT is smoked, and use by injection does occur.
This section contains discussions specific to the Hallucinogen-Related Disorders. Texts and criteria sets have already been provided to define the generic aspects of Substance Dependence (p. 192) and Substance Abuse (p. 198) that apply across all substances. The application of these general criteria to Hallucinogen Dependence and Abuse is provided below. However, there are no unique criteria sets for Hallucinogen Dependence or Hallucinogen Abuse. A specific text and criteria set for Hallucinogen Intoxication is also provided below. Tolerance develops with repeated use, but a clinically significant withdrawal from these substances has not been well documented. For this reason, the diagnosis of hallucinogen withdrawal is not included in this manual. The Hallucinogen-Induced Disorders (other than Hallucinogen Intoxication) are described in the sections of the manual with disorders with which they share phenomenology (e.g., Hallucinogen-Induced Mood Disorder is included in the "Mood Disorders" section). Listed below are the Hallucinogen Use Disorders and the Hallucinogen-Induced Disorders.
Hallucinogen Use Disorders
- 304.50 Hallucinogen Dependence (see p. 251)
- 305.30 Hallucinogen Abuse (see p. 252)
Hallucinogen-Induced Disorders
- 292.89 Hallucinogen Intoxication (see p. 252)
- 292.89 Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (Flashbacks) (see p. 253)
- 292.81 Hallucinogen Intoxication Delirium (see p. 143)
- 292.11 Hallucinogen-Induced Psychotic Disorder, With Delusions (see p. 338) Specify if: With Onset During Intoxication
- 292.12 Hallucinogen-Induced Psychotic Disorder, With Hallucinations
(see p. 338) Specify if: With Onset During Intoxication - 292.84 Hallucinogen-Induced Mood Disorder (see p. 405)
Specify if: With Onset During Intoxication - 292.89 Hallucinogen-Induced Anxiety Disorder (see p. 479)
Specify if: With Onset During Intoxication - 292.9 Hallucinogen-Related Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (see p. 256)