Sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic-related disorders
Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Related Disorders
The sedative, hypnotic, and anxiolytic (antianxiety) substances include the benzodiazepines, benzodiazepine-like drugs such as zolpidem and zaleplon, the carbamates (e.g., glutethimide, meprobamate), the barbiturates (e.g., secobarbital), and the barbiturate-like hypnotics (e.g., glutethimide, methaqualone). This class of substances includes all prescription sleeping medications and almost all prescription antianxiety medications. The nonbenzodiazepine antianxiety agents (e.g., buspirone, gepirone) are not included in this class. Some medications in this class have other important clinical uses (e.g., as anticonvulsants). Like alcohol, these agents are brain depressants and can produce similar Substance-Induced and Substance Use Disorders. At high doses, sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics can be lethal, particularly when mixed with alcohol. Sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics are available both by prescription and from illegal sources. Occasionally, individuals who obtain these substances by prescription will abuse them; conversely, some of those who purchase substances from this class "on the street" do not develop Dependence or Abuse. Medications with rapid onset and/or short to intermediate lengths of action may be especially vulnerable to being abused.
This section contains discussions specific to the Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Related Disorders. Texts and criteria sets have already been provided to define the generic aspects of Substance Dependence (p. 192) and Substance Abuse (p. 198) that apply across all substances. The application of these general criteria to Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Dependence and Abuse is provided below. However, there are no unique criteria sets for Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Dependence and Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Abuse. Specific texts and criteria sets for Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Intoxication and Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Withdrawal are also provided below. The Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Induced Disorders (other than Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Intoxication and Withdrawal) are described in the sections of the manual with disorders with which they share phenomenology (e.g., Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Induced Anxiety Disorder is included in the "Anxiety Disorders" section). Listed below are the Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Use Disorders and the Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Induced Disorders.
Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Use Disorders
- 304.10 Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Dependence (see p. 285)
- 305.40 Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Abuse (see p. 286)
Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Induced Disorders
- 292.89 Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Intoxication (see p. 286)
- 292.0 Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Withdrawal (see p. 287)
Specify if: With Perceptual Disturbances - 292.81 Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Intoxication Delirium (see p. 143)
- 292.81 Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Withdrawal Delirium (see p. 143)
- 292.82 Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Induced Persisting Dementia
(see p. 168) - 292.83 Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Induced Persisting Amnestic Disorder (see p. 177)
- 292.11 Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Induced Psychotic Disorder, With Delusions (see p. 338) Specify if: With Onset During Intoxication/With Onset During Withdrawal
- 292.12 Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Induced Psychotic Disorder, With Hallucinations (see p. 338) Specify if: With Onset During Intoxication/With Onset During Withdrawal
- 292.84 Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Induced Mood Disorder (see p. 405) Specify if: With Onset During Intoxication/With Onset During Withdrawal
- 292.89 Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Induced Anxiety Disorder
(see p. 479) Specify if: With Onset During Withdrawal - 292.89 Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Induced Sexual Dysfunction
(see p. 562) Specify if: With Onset During Intoxication - 292.85 Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Induced Sleep Disorder (see p. 655) Specify if: With Onset During Intoxication/With Onset During Withdrawal
- 292.9 Sedative-, Hypnotic-, or Anxiolytic-Related Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (see p. 293)