Phencyclidines (ketamine, DXM, etc.)

Phencyclidine dependence is a substance use disorder characterized by the continued use of phencyclidines despite knowledge of significant cognitive, behavioral, or physiological problems that are caused or made worse by use of the substance. Symptoms of phencyclidine dependence include:

• Increased amounts of phencyclidines are needed to achieve intoxication (tolerance)
• Use of phencyclidines in larger amounts or over longer periods than intended
• Repeated unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control phencyclidine use

Phencyclidine abuse is a substance use disorder characterized by the continued use of phencyclidines despite recurrent and significant adverse consequences related to the repeated use of the substance. Symptoms of phencyclidine abuse include:

• Recurrent phencyclidine use in situations in which it is physically hazardous
• Failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home
• Recurrent phencyclidine-related legal problems